Sustainable Development Goal 7
Sustainable Development Goal 7
Sustainable Development Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Energy is essential for human development and well-being. It powers our homes, schools, businesses, industries and transport systems. It enables us to cook, heat, cool, communicate and access information. It also supports many other aspects of our lives, such as health, education, gender equality and environmental protection.
However, not everyone has access to energy services that meet their needs and aspirations. According to the United Nations, about 759 million people still lack electricity and 2.6 billion people rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating, which causes indoor air pollution and health problems. Moreover, the current patterns of energy production and consumption are not sustainable. They contribute to climate change, air pollution and environmental degradation, while also depleting finite natural resources.
That is why Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. It has five targets that cover both the supply and demand sides of energy:
- 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
- 7.2: By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
- 7.3: By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
- 7.A: By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
- 7.B: By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing states and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
Achieving SDG 7 is not only important for its own sake, but also for its interlinkages with other SDGs. For example, providing clean cooking solutions can reduce indoor air pollution and improve health outcomes (SDG 3), while also empowering women and girls who often bear the burden of collecting fuelwood and cooking (SDG 5). Increasing renewable energy sources can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change (SDG 13), while also creating jobs and economic opportunities (SDG 8). Improving energy efficiency can lower energy costs and increase productivity (SDG 9), while also saving natural resources and reducing waste (SDG 12).
To achieve SDG 7, we need concerted action from all stakeholders, including governments, private sector, civil society, academia and international organizations. We also need to mobilize adequate financial resources, enhance technological innovation and diffusion, strengthen institutional capacities and governance frameworks, foster multi-stakeholder partnerships and cooperation, raise public awareness and engagement, and monitor progress and impact.
This blog post aims to provide an overview of SDG 7 and its importance for human development and well-being. It also highlights some of the challenges and opportunities for achieving this goal by 2030. In the next sections, we will explore each of the five targets of SDG 7 in more detail and share some examples of good practices and initiatives from around the world.
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